An anthology of 27 texts by Greek economists, intellectuals, politicians, journalists and university scholars, written between 1833 and 1913. Their common topic is the desirability or not of governmental protection of Greek industry. The discussions on the “encouragement” or not of Greek industry in the 19th century present a remarkable similarity to respective dissensions during the inter-war and the post-war period, which fact, once understood, will contribute to the self-knowledge of modern Greek society.